Steam-turbine.



No. 854,447l

PATENTED MAY 21, 1907.

I. ABBOTT. STEAM TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILBVD APB. 2s. 190s.

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IRA ABBoTT, `OF WYANDOTTE, MICHIGAN. STEAM-TURBINE.

Speccation of Letters Patent.

Patented May 21, 1907.

Application filed April 23,1906. Serial No. 313,111.

To MZ whom, it may concern:

Be it known that l, IRA ABBOTT, a citizen of the United States ofAmerica, residing at Wyandotte, in the county of /Vayne and State ofMichigan, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inSteam-Turbines, of which the following is a specification, referencebeing had therein to the accompanying drawings.

This invention relates to improvements in steam turbines and its objectis to so apply the steam to the rotary piston that each pocket thereinwill receive and discharge steam a number of times during eachrevolution of the piston and to so construct the piston that it willsimultaneously close all of the steam inlets to increase the impact ofthe steam by giving thereto a pulsation.

A further object of the invention is to increase the economy andefiiciency of the engine by forming the rotary piston with a series ofcircumferential separated rows of steamI pockets and providingcross-over passages to conduct the steam from one to the other of saidrows; and also to so form each pocket as to aid in the discharge of thesteam therefrom and lessen the friction of said steam upon the cylinder.

It is also an object of the invention to provide means for automaticallygoverning the speed of the engine by restricting or increasing the flowof steam near its several points of entry into the cylinder so that thespeed of the engine will be immediately affected by such manipulationand to provide a motor of the class described having the severaladvantages of the particular construction, arrangement and combinationof parts, all as hereinafter more fully described, reference being hadto the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1, is a longitudinalvertical section of a device embodying the invention; Fig. `2, atransverse vertical section of the same on the line -a: of Fig. 1; Fig.3, an end elevation; and Fig. 4, a sectional detail of the cylindershowing the ports and passages therein.

As shown in the drawings 1 is a suitable base to which the horizontallyextending cylinder 2 is secured, said cylinder being provided with heads3 bolted to the ends of the cylinder to close the same and having axialroller bearings 4 for a drive shaft 5. Securely keyed upon the shaftwithin the cylinder is a rotary piston 6 consisting of a cylindricaldrum 7 upon which are slipped a series of rings 8 provided with steampockets 9 each formed with a deep and slightly undercut forward end andshallow rear end, said pockets being spaced so as to leave dividing webs10 between them each having an outer face 1 1 to engage the innersurface of the cylinder. These pocket rings are separated by spacingrings 12 forming walls between the rows of pockets to prevent the steamfrom passing from one row to the next and each ring 12 is formed with abroadened outer edge 13 forming an extended surface to engage the innersurface of the cylinder and more eifectually revent the steam frompassing. The ang es 14 thus formed at the outer side of the pockets bythe laterally extending portions of the broadened edges 13, are roundedso that when the steam is injected into one of the pockets and strikesthe walls formed by the spacing rings, it will be deflected inward bythe rounding inwardly projecting edges toward the exhaust passage 15opening from the center of the pocketand will also tend to prevent thesteam from pressing outward into strong frictional contact with thesurface of the cylinder. The pocket rings are secured in place by bolts16 passing through said rings and drum and the spacing rings 12 are heldby bolts or rods passing therethrough and through the pocket ringslongitudinally of the piston.

17 is a steam supply pipe opening into a circumferential steam passage'18 formed at one end of the cylinder, and communicating with thispassage, are a number of inlet openings forming jet openings 19 cut inthe cylinder at an angle to the radii thereof in the direction of therotating of the piston and opening into the first row of pockets at oneend of the piston. The jet openings are preferably of such a number andso spaced around the cylinder that there will be one for every alternatepocket and when the piston is turned so that the face 11 of one of thewebs covers one of these openings all will be closed, thus cutting offthe steam from the piston between the pockets for a very short space oftime and causing a pulsation or intermittent application of power to thepiston.

While steam is passing into one of the pockets from one of the jetopenings, the steam just previously emitted from said opening into thenext pocket is escaping therefrom through a cross-over exhaust passage20 formed in the cylinder into one of the pockets of the next row on thepiston. Simi- IOO IIO

finally escapes into a circumferential exhaust passage 2l formed in thecylinder at its rear end. In the constructiony shown, the piston isgivenan impetus as each pocket passes each jet, the pockets being filled andemptied of steam six times during each revolution.-

The'speed of theengine is automatically governed by forming the cylinderwith a longitudinal hole' atv thev point where each jet'f opening opensinto the steam passage and securing in each-of these holes a rotatabletubular v-alve 22 having a stem 23 at one end extending outward througha stuffing box-24 carriedby al plug screwed into the end ofthe hole.

Uponthe outer ends ofthe stems are secured pinions 25 in mesh with alarge gear 26 loosely mounted'v uponan extended portion of the bearingonthe cylinder head.

27"I is any suitable'governor receiving inotion from the engines-haftand a rod 28 operated by said governor is attached at itsopposite end tosaid gear 26 so that as the speed ofy the engine increases and thegovernor is operated thereby to lift the rod, the gear will be turned ashort distance and all of the valves will be simultaneously rotatedthereby. Openings 29 in these valves form a part of the steam passage 1Sto permit the steam to pass freely therethrough and into their interior,escaping therefrom into the jets through ports 30 in the valves.Small'ports 3l are preferably provided in these valves opposite thethirdy and iifth'rows of pockets to admit steam to said pockets throughsmall jet openings 32 in the cylinder and supply live steam to mix withthe partially expanded steam whichwas admitted at the forward end of acylinder. Water of condensation is drawn off through a valve 33 atl thebottom of the cylinder before starting the engine.

IIaving'thus fully described the invention, what I claim is.: p

1. In a compoundl steam turbine, the combination with a cylinder, of arotary piston in said cylinder provided with circumferential rows ofsteam pockets, a series of tangential jets to eject steam into saidpockets arranged at intervals around'the piston, and a series ofspirally arranged cross-over passages opening at one end in rear of saidjets to receive the steam ejected into said row of pockets and openingat their opposite endsv` into the next row of pockets.

2. In a compound steam turbine, the combination of a rotary pistonhaving a series of separatedrows ofundercut steampockets, and

a cylinder formed with a series of tangential inlet openings arranged atintervals around the cylinder near one end to admitl steam to the firstrow of pockets and having a series of spirally arranged cross-overvpassages opening. at one end into the first row of pockets between theinlet openings and' at their opposite ends'into the next row of pocketsand spirally arranged cross-over passages communicating witheachsucceeding row of pockets between the sagesopening into said rows.

3. In a steam turbine, the combination of a cylinder formed with aseries of jet openings arranged at intervals around the cylinder and aseries of exhaust passages opening betweenthe jet'openings, and a rotarypiston in said cylinder providedwith pockets equal in number to thenumber of jet and exhaust openings and formedwith deep undercut forwardends and shallow rear ends and di-. vided from each lother by webshaving extended? outer' faces to engage the surface of the cylinderand-simultaneously close the jet openings.

4. In a steam turbine, the combination/of a cylinder provided with jetopeningsy and cross-over passages opening between the jet openings, anda piston consisting of a drum, a series of rings-formed with steampockets having deep and slightly undercut forward ends and shallow rearends, secured on said drum, and spacing rings forming dividing wallsbetween said pocket rings and formed with broadened outer edges forminglaterally extending dei'lecting portions in the outer angles of saidpockets.

5. In a steam turbine, the combination of a cylinder formed with acircumferential steam passage, holes cutting said passage longitudinallyof the cylinder and forming valve seats and jet openings leading fromsaid holes, tubular valves in said holes, a rotary piston insaid'cylinder, an outwardlyv extending valve stem on each of saidvalves,a piniony secured upon each stem, a gear mounted concentric with theaxis of the cylinderA to engage and simultaneously turn the pinions, andmeans controlled by the speed of the engine for turning said gear.

6. In a steam turbine, the combination of acylinder formed with acircumferential steam passage near one end, a circumferential exhaustpassage near the opposite end, longitudinal holes cutting the steampassage at interv als around the cylinder, jet openings leading' fromsaid holes into the cylinder, and cross-over passages; a rotary pistonin said cylinder formed with circumferential rows of steam ,pocketsseparated by walls and communicating through the cross-over passages;rotary valves in the holes in the cylinder; and means for turning saidvalves simultaneously.

7. In a steam turbine, the combination'of inlet ends of said pas- IOOformed With laterally extending provided with stufng boxes through whichthe stems extend; pinions on the said stems; a gear turning upon theaxis of the cylinder and engaging all of the pinions a governor; and arod connecting said governor and gear.

In testimony Whereof` I ailix in presence of tWo Witnesses.

IRA ABBOTT.

my signature Witnesses:

OTTO F. BARTHEL, THos. G. LoNGsTAFF.

